CIVIL WAR, TERRORISM AND GANGS
The system of sociology and social dynamics
ABSTRACT
The work discusses social dynamics by analyzing the development of civil war, terrorism and of gangs. The behavior of society as well as the behavior of individuals are described as in related to the degree of social cohesion or integration. Terrorism and banditism are regarded as stages in social dynamics. Societies are represented in the form of diagrams that can be used for modeling their behavior.
People are classified according to their needs and abilities. A stereotype characterized by few needs and abilities is coined Golem. Golems have lost their individuality. They are potential terrorists and gang leaders. Golems sympathize with terrorism and encourage it. A very important role in the demoralization of society is played by the media; the need for censorship is emphasized.
The leader influences the degree of cohesion or social integration.
The concept of the work is a more general one than expected from its title alone. In addition to explaining the development and behavior of society by changes in entropy, it permits predictions to be made on its future development.
The work is useful for all those who wish to understand social dynamics, and particularly for sociologists, psychologists, criminologists, politicians and economists. It is amply illustrated with diagrams and photographs.
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
General concepts are presented in order to familiarize the reader with the terminology used in the work and to explain the subject matter, putting emphasis on the forces controlling the behavior of societies and of individuals.
The impact of social cohesion and integration (which leads to homogeneity) on the individuals' behavior in society is examined. Three types of society are mentioned. These are, in increasing order of cohesion, Anarchy, Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft. Each type is described through its characteristic features. The factors determining the degree of cohesion are grouped in two categories: the first category contains those factors which are based on instincts and the pleasures resulting from them, such as blood relations, sexual relationships, games, narcotics and banquets. The second category comprises those factors which are acquired in the process of education and are influenced by social environment such as morals, tradition, religion and ideology. Bandits form gangs with very strong bonds between members (high degree of cohesion and homogeneity) similarly to the Gemeinschaft type of society. If the linking factors belong to the first category, then one deals with criminal gangs; if the factors are from the second group, one speaks of political gangs. The Gemeinschaft type society is held together by factors from the second category and is characterized by asceticism and terrorism dictated from above or State terrorism. Sex-and-violence and terrorism from below or Revolutionary terrorism characterize Anarchy. Examples of societies and gangs with different degrees of cohesion are presented. In this chapter, the reader is introduced to the concept of match and mismatch between society and the individual.
CHAPTER
2 - THE ROOTS OF TERRORISM
The appearance of gangs and the factors promoting their formation are analyzed. The stimulus is the disagreement between society and the individual. The absence or deficiency of linking elements leads to a sense of hunger for companionship which the author coins "HEVRAV". This feeling is analogous to the sense of hunger for food or libidinal desire. It prompts the individual to show off (stand out) in order to attract attention. This type of behavior of some individuals does not affect society's cohesion and a conflict ensues. The result is formation of a type of person whom the author coins "GOLEM". The Golem suffers from frustration. Golems unite in parties and gangs according to the "iron law of oligarchy". Their struggle with society takes place under such slogans as freedom, independence, equality and the like. The hate for society is displaced by hate for its symbols: religion, traditions, leaders, the flag, etc. The struggle against the hated society grows and acquires various shapes such as demonstrations, acts of terror and blackmail. If the government does not take measures to suppress the activity of golems and capitulates under their pressure, society degenerates into anarchy, counter-terrorism develops and civil war may break out.
CHAPTER
3 - FORMATION AND GROWTH OF GOLEMS. THEIR CLASSIFICATION
The appearance of golems is explained as well as the reasons for their mismatch with the society which formed them.
The growth and development of the individual is represented using American psychologist Maslow's pyramid or the "hierarchy of needs". Not everybody can reach the top of the pyramid and some remain at this or other level. This is the process of natural filtration of people and formation of stereotypes. Golems stay behind on the lowest level of the pyramid. The levels of Maslow's pyramid aid in understanding human stereotypes. Golems can also be classified as sadists or masochists according to the factors which link them together.
Special "political" police operates in the Gemeinschaft society resembling the Inquisition or the KGB. The task of this kind of police is to create uniform societies by suppression and filtration of aberrant thinking and by forceful conversion of all citizens into Golems.
CHAPTER
4 -THE BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGY OF THE GOLEM.
A detailed description is given of the behavior of the golem in this process of becoming a terrorist. This "hungry" golem searches for a closely-linked society and his main slogan is PROLETARIANS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE! He is devoid of individuality and personality to such an extent that he even loses his name. It is stressed that golems are altruists and their guiding principle is THE GOAL JUSTIFIES THE END. Hence the denial of generally accepted moral principles and mainly of the Ten Commandments, hence the lying and killing. The golem is not aware of the amorality of his behavior and considers it only natural to make use of all available means including homicide. As Leon Trotsky said " They wanted to be deceived and we fully offered them this possibility". The French sociologist Emile Durkheim's classification is quoted regarding the Gemeinschaft type society and terrorist gangs. It is shown that terrorists are ready to commit both "altruistic" suicide and "political" assassination.
CHAPTER
6 - THE ECOLOGY OF TERROR.
Following up on the German sociologists Max Weber and Werner Sombart, as well as the French Emile Durkheim, the author stresses the essential role of religion in the life of society and its internal cohesion. Protestant and Jewish religions form societies of the Gesellschaft type. Other religions, such as Catholicism, the Islam and Communism form societies of the Gemeinschaft type. This explains the geographical distribution of terrorism. Racial (like in the United States) and religious differences (like in Ulster) are considered; these create heterogeneous societies and situations favoring the rise of terrorism. A similar situation occurred in Germany since the era of the Gastarbeiter. Explanations are proposed for the fact that terrorists are recruited preferably from the ranks of Catholics, communists and the youth. One part of the chapter deals with the interaction between terrorist gangs and society. The author dwells on the process of social degradation and the role played by artists, journalists and writers in the demoralization of society and the support of terrorism.
In accordance with the two main types of society, Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft, there are two systems of morals and law. One system is based on the Ten Commandments and places Law and morals above everything else. DO NOT KILL! Homicide is punished by death sentence regardless of the purpose or cause of the killing. The second system is based on the principle according to which the goal justifies the means and it places the goal above Law and morals. The golem is against the Law. In the name of "justice" he breaks the Law, turns to blackmail and to terrorist acts. Several sources are quoted where so-called political acts are justified in spite of their being illegal and contrary to conventional morals. The question is which terrorism is just and which is not? Why was the assassination of the Russian Tsar Alexander the Second "just", while the killing of Abraham Lincoln was indefensible? In the closely-linked Gemeinschaft society there is no accepted system of laws. The Law in this society is its hierarchy. Those who are higher placed are always right.
Two systems of punishment correspond to the two above societies. Individual punishment, based on Law, is applied only in the Gesellschaft type of society. Collective punishment is regarded as just in the Gemeinschaft society. As there are no clear-cut borders between the different types of society, making use of collective punishment for stopping Anarchy may cause the transition to Gemeinschaft to end in cruel dictatorship.
CHAPTER
8 - CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETIES.
In the author's opinion, an "iron law of anti-oligarchy" operates in addition to Robert Michels's "iron law of oligarchy". This new law deals with the breakdown of oligarchy and the degradation of society. Both laws operate in social dynamics, as described in this chapter.
The influence of social integration on the so-called "public opinion" is discussed. There is no "public opinion", there is only the "opinion" of the masses. A high degree of integration transforms the individual into a Golem; the obedient masses made of Golems follow blindly their leader. The degradation of society leads to a multitude of leaders and of "public opinions".
Next the problem of authority and leader popularity is discussed. The authority of the leader is related to the degree of social integration. It is oppressive in dictatorial rule and disappears completely when society degrades into Anarchy. The disappearance of authority is illustrated by the publication of cartoons depicting the leader and by intrusion into his private life. Leaders devoid of authority can be hurt and offended. The leader's authority is replaced by popularity.
The conflict between societies is the conflict between leaders.
Terrorism is a means of matching the leader with society.
Sociology distinguishes between two types of terrorism - State terrorism and Revolutionary terrorism. The first is usually condemned while the second is praised in some cases. Unlike the commonly accepted view, the work analyzes not only the roots of terrorism but also its necessity, resulting from the mismatch between leader and society. The task of able leaders is to maintain a borderline status between the two kinds of terrorism. The leaders' reaction to terrorism is examined and their responsibility towards society for acts of terrorism. Leaders do not wish to assume responsibility for acts of terrorism and very often use them for suppressing their opponents. It is shown that terrorism is caused primarily by the political actions of the leaders, i.e., their failing to solve the problems of cohesion and to creat a homogenous society. Very often leaders lack proper education and are unfit for their role; their popularity is often greater than their intellect. Such are some artists, musicians, etc. Journalists are favored candidates for diplomatic work. An example is the career of the former "DAVAR" journalist Jossi Beilin who was promoted to the post of deputy foreign minister and became a Knesset member. Among his "pearls": I am ready to lie for the sake of peace. Prior to the establishment of autonomy in the territories occupied by Israel, Beilin was daydreaming about creating an economically flourishing Gaza similar to Hong Kong. Since receiving the autonomy, the Gaza sector has been in a severe economic crisis. Never has or will terrorism lead to economic prosperity but rather the opposite is true.
An uninspired leader can lead to the destruction of society and can give birth to revolutionary terrorism and civil war. It is impossible to predict the end of Anarchy and civil wars, whether foreign occupation or dictatorship of the kind established by Hitler in Germany or by Khomeini in Iran that are accompanied by State terrorism.
CHAPTER
9 - QUANTUM PSYCHOLOGY
The previous chapters discuss the causes of
terrorism and the measures for combating it. The recommendations given in this
chapter contradict in several instances the generally accepted views. Although
logical and supported by facts, the author's ideas may not be acceptable by
some of the readers. The recommendations are strictly political and
administrative and are not related to either police or the military whose task
and goal is to prevent or combat terrorism. As an example, the struggle against
the consumption of drugs of abuse which is being fought instead of preventing
their production leads to increased prices but does not eliminate the demand.
CHAPTER
11 - THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY
THREE WHALES OF SOCIAL EVOLUTION
The process of social evolution is described below. Three basic elements are distinguished: childish psychology,
repressions and wars. Childish psychology leads to the breakdown of society into two equal parts and the formation of
an unstable structure. Stability is restored by means of repression. Thus a
cycle is formed that consists of a “rigid” and stable absolute dictatorship and
a “flexible” and unstable democracy. During the “flexible” stage, mutations
occur in society the nature of which are defined in the course of military
conflicts. The winners are those
whose mutations were “good”.
Geodakyan’s
theory of sex differentiation is presented. According to this theory, “sex
differentiation is an economical form of informational contact with the
environment, a specialization according to the two main aspects of evolution –
the conservative and the operational aspect”. Women are the conservative stable
element and in the process of evolution, they accumulate positive mutations.
Men are the flexible unstable element, susceptible to environmental influences.
Nature experiments on man to find out what is good and
what is bad for humans. The results of the selection are transmitted to women
and to future generations. This is how human evolution and adaptation to the
environment take place.
CHAPTER
12 - LEADERS AND SOCIETY
CHAPTER
13 - THE BATTLE AGAINST TERRORISM AND GANGS
THE
GOLEM RISES AGAINST HIS CREATOR
THERE
ARE NO COMPROMISES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM
CHAPTER
14- ECONOMICS OF SOCIETY
Andreas Krause Raddai Raikhlin
In this paper, we describe an economy by means of the thermodynamics of open systems. The equivalent elements in economics to those in thermodynamics are identified and it will be shown how the laws of thermodynamics apply to an economy. Using Carnot's cycle we identify the corresponding concepts for energy, work, pressure, force, temperature and entropy. Finally, we show that it is optimal for the decisions of the individuals to be coordinated such that the economy is in resonance.